Contrast

  • In spite of / Despite
    Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase. 
  • Although / (Even) though
    Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence. 
  • However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast
    Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma. 
  • On the one hand ... On the other hand
    Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs. 
  • In contrast to / Contrary to
    Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase. 
  • Whereas
    Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas. 


Reason and cause

  • Because / As / Since / Seeing that
    Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in final position. 
  • Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to
    Introduce a noun phrase.


Purpose

  • In order to / So as to
    Introduce an infinitive of purpose.
  • In order that / So that
    Introduce a sentence. 


Consequence

  • Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore / As a consequence of / As a result of
    Followed by a noun phrase. 
  • So
    Introduces a sentence. No commas.   


Addition

  • Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more
    Used after a strong pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma. 
  • As well as / In addition to / Besides
    Used to add one more piece of information. Followed by a noun phrase. 


Exemplification

  • For example / For instance
    Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas. 
  • Such as
    Introduces an example referring to the last idea.


CONNECTORS

Contrast

  • But / yet
    Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
    The book is short but / yet interesting.
  • In spite of / despite
    Placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
    ‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’
  • Although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that
    Followed by a complete sentence. Can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.
    Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams.
  • However, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary
    He was quite ill; however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school.
  • While, whereas
    This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring.


Reason and cause

  • Because, as since, seeing that
    Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home.
  • Because of, on account of, owing to, due to
    Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home.
  • In order to, so, as to, to:
    She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programs.


Add information

  • For example, for instance, such as
    Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C.
  • Moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition to
    In addition to soul music, she likes rap.
  • Apart from, except for
    Apart from English, she speaks French.


Succession

  • First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First …. 
  • Second / Secondly / Then … 
  • Third / Thirdly / After that...
  • The next stage … 
  • Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…  


Result

  • As a result of
    As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.
  • Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason
    Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test.

最后修改: 2021年05月18日 星期二 11:41